Overview #
Israel 101 is the perfect starting point for anyone curious about Israel—its people, culture, history, and global contributions. This vibrant, easy-to-read booklet breaks down the basics: from Israel’s ancient roots and modern statehood to its democratic values, diversity, innovation, and complex regional challenges. With engaging visuals and accessible language, it offers a balanced and inspiring introduction to a country at the heart of global conversation.
Footnotes #
Page 5: Zionism: Ties that Bind
Dore Gold, “Jerusalem in International Diplomacy: Demography,” Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs, October 27, 2006, at http://www.jcpa.org/art/jid-intro.htm#reldim
Michael Grant, The Jews in the Roman World, 1973, p. 255;
Elliott A Green, “What Did Rome Call the Land of Israel—And Where Were Its Borders?” in Midstream (New York), October 1995. Online at http://www.netanyahu.org/whatdidromca.htmlR.P. Michael Naud, Voyage Nouveau de la Terre-Sainte, Paris, 1702, pp. 58, 563.
Mark Twain, “Concerning the Jews,” Harper’s Magazine, March 1898. Online at www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/1898twain-jews.html
Page 6: Evolution of the Region
Michael Grant, The Jews in the Roman World, 1973, p. 255;
Elliott A Green, “What Did Rome Call the Land of Israel—And Where Were Its Borders?” in Midstream (New York), October 1995. Online at http://www.netanyahu.org/whatdidromca.htmlLeague of Nations, “An Interim Report on the Civil Administration of Palestine, during the period 1st July, 1920-30th June, 1921,” July 1921. Online at http://domino.un.org/UNISPAL.NSF/9a798adbf322aff38525617b006d88d7/349b02280a930813052565e90048ed1c!OpenDocument
Page 7: Israel Reborn
Balfour Declaration, November 17, 1917. Online at http://yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/mideast/balfour.htm
Treaty of Sevres, Section VII, Article 94, August 10, 1920. Online at http://www.lib.byu.edu/~rdh/wwi/versa/sevres1.html
Council of the League of Nations, The Palestine Mandate, Article 6, July 24, 1922. Online at http://yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/mideast/palmanda.htm
Page 11: Restoring the Jewish Homeland
Dore Gold, “Jerusalem in International Diplomacy: Demography,” Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs, October 27, 2006, at http://www.jcpa.org/art/jid-intro.htm#reldim
Quoted in David Landes, “Palestine Before the Zionists,” Commentary, May 1976, p. 22
League of Nations, “An Interim Report on the Civil Administration of Palestine, during the period 1st July, 1920-30th June, 1921,” July 1921. Online at http://domino.un.org/UNISPAL.NSF/9a798adbf322aff38525617b006d88d7/349b02280a930813052565e90048ed1c!OpenDocument
Arieh L. Avneri, The Claim of Dispossession, 4th ed., 2005, p. 12; Benny Morris, The Birth of the Palestinian Refugee Problem, 1947-1949, 1989, pp. 17-18;“Demography of Palestine & Israel, the West Bank and Gaza,” Jewish Virtual Library, online at http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/History/demograhics.html;
Sir John Hope-Simpson, “Palestine: Report on Immigration, Land Settlement and Development, 1930,” p. 51, Command Paper No. 3686, His Majesty’s Stationery Office, 1930. Online at http://www.mideastweb.org/hopesimpson.htm;
Rashid Khalidi, Palestinian Identity: The Construction of Modern National Consciousness, Columbia University Press, 1998 pp. 112-113.
The Peel Commission Report: Report of the Royal Commission, Chapter IX, July 1937. Online at http://domino.un.org/UNISPAL.NSF/9a798adbf322aff38525617b006d88d7/08e38a718201458b052565700072b358!OpenDocument
Benny Morris, Righteous Victims: A History of the Zionist-Arab Conflict, 1881-2001, Vintage, 2001 p. 133.
League of Nations, “An Interim Report on the Civil Administration of Palestine, during the period 1st July, 1920-30th June, 1921,” July 1921. Online at http://domino.un.org/UNISPAL.NSF/9a798adbf322aff38525617b006d88d7/349b02280a930813052565e90048ed1c!OpenDocument
“Demography of Palestine & Israel, the West Bank and Gaza,” Jewish Virtual Library, online at http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/History/demograhics.html
Churchill or British White Paper of June 1922, in Walter Laqueur and Barry Rubin (eds.), The Israel-Arab Reader: A Documentary History of the Middle East Conflict, 4th ed., 1987, p. 45. Online at http://www.mideastweb.org/1922wp.htm
League of Nations, “An Interim Report on the Civil Administration of Palestine, during the period 1st July, 1920-30th June, 1921”, July 1921. Online at http://domino.un.org/UNISPAL.NSF/9a798adbf322aff38525617b006d88d7/349b02280a930813052565e90048ed1c!OpenDocument
Jewish National Fund, “JNF Centennial Celebration,” at http://www.jnf.org/site/PageServer?pagename=history
Howard Sachar, A History of Israel, 2000, pp. 156, 167;
Yehoshua Porath, Palestinian Arab National Movement: From Riots to Rebellion: 1929-1939, Vol. 2, 1977, pp 17-18, 39.Quoted in Daniel Pipes, Greater Syria: The History of an Ambition, Oxford University Press, 1990, p. 179.
Walter Laqueur, A History of Zionism, 1989, p. 510.
Moshe Aumann, “Land Ownership in Palestine, 1880-1948,” in Michael Curtis et al, The Palestinians,1975, p. 29.
Naftali Greenwood, “Redeemers of the Land,” Oct 18, 1999, at http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/History/Modern+History/Centenary+of+Zionism/The+Redeemers+of+the+Land.htm
The Economist, “Tel Aviv,” The Economist: Cities Guide. Online at http://www.economist.com/cities/displayobject.cfm?obj_id=5080851
Page 13: Arab-Israeli Wars and Terrorism: 1920-Present
Tom Segev, One Palestine Complete: Jews and Arabs Under the British Mandate, 2000 p.327.
Benny Morris, Righteous Victims: A History of the Zionist-Arab Conflict, 1881-2001, Vintage, 2001 p. 133;
“The 1936 Riots,” Jewish Virtual Library, at http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/History/riots36.htmMichael Oren, Six Days of War, 2002, p. 293.
Palestinian Human Rights Monitoring Group (PHRMG), “’Collaborators’: New Impetus for an Old Witch Hunt,” PHRMG Monitor, February 2002. Online at http://www.phrmg.org/monitor2002/feb2002-9.htm
Page 15: Aftermath of the Wars: Arab and Jewish Refugees
Benny Morris, The Birth of the Palestinian Refugee Problem, 1947-1949, 1989, p. 286
Also see David Meir-Levi, “The Origins of the Refugee Problem,” Jewish World, 2005. Online at http://www.freerepublic.com/focus/f-news/1501222/postsAnita Shapira, “The Past Is Not a Foreign Country: The Failure of Israel’s ‘New Historians’ To Explain War and Peace,” The New Republic, November 29, 1999. Online at http://ontology.buffalo.edu/smith/courses01/rrtw/Shapira.htm
Gerald M. Steinberg, “Jerusalem – 1948, 1967, 2000: Setting the Record Straight,” Canadian Jewish News, August 24, 2000. Online at http://faculty.biu.ac.il/~steing/conflict/oped/jerufact.htm
John F. Burns, “In the Islamic Mideast, Scant Place for Jews,” Week in Review, New York Times, July 25, 1999. Online at http://www.library.cornell.edu/colldev/mideast/isljew.htm
Howard Sachar, A History of Israel, 2000, pp. 395-405.
Statistics derived from Mitchell Bard, Myths and Facts: A Guide to the Arab-Israeli Conflict, 2001, pp. 192-198. Online at http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/anti-semitism/arabjewtoc.html
Members of the First Knesset at http://www.knesset.gov.il/mk/eng/mkindexByKnesset_eng.asp?knesset=1
Benny Morris, Righteous Victims: A History of the Zionist-Arab Conflict, 1881-2001, Vintage, 2001 pp. 252-258;
Yoav Gelber, Palestine 1948: War, Escape and the Emergence of the Palestinian Refugee Problem, 2001, pp. 74-84.Howard Sachar, A History of Israel, 2000, p.333; Quoted in “Israel and the Arabs: The 50 Year Conflict,” BBC documentary, cited in Eric Silver, Jerusalem Report, April 2, 1998. Also cited and discussed by CAMERA, “Pattern of Bias,” July 1999, online at http://world.std.com/~camera/docs/report/nprpattern.html
Mahmoud Abbas, “What We Have Learned and What We Should Do,” Falastin a-Thaura, March 1976.
Falastin a-Thaura was the official journal of the PLO, printed in Beirut. A larger quote reads: “The Arab armies entered Palestine to protect the Palestinians from the Zionist tyranny but, instead, they abandoned them, forced them to emigrate and to leave their homeland, imposed upon them a political and ideological blockade and threw them into prisons similar to the ghettos in which the Jews used to live in Eastern Europe, as if we were condemned to change places with them; they moved out of their ghettos and we occupied similar ones. The Arab States succeeded in scattering the Palestinian people and in destroying their unity. They did not recognize them as a unified people until the States of the world did so, and this is regrettable.”
Cited in “Palestine’s Pawns,” Wall Street Journal, June 5, 2003. Log in to read it at http://online.wsj.com/article/SB105476554941947700.html
Read a summary of the article at http://www.dailyalert.org/archive/2003-06/2003-06-05.htmlQuoted in Nimr el-Hawari, Sir An-Nakbah, Nazareth, 1952.
Haled al Azm, The Memoirs of Haled al Azm, Beirut, 1973, Part I, pp. 386-387
Quoted in “Israel and the Arabs: The 50 Year Conflict,” BBC documentary, cited in Eric Silver, Jerusalem Report, April 2, 1998. Also cited and discussed by CAMERA, “Pattern of Bias,” July 1999. Online at http://world.std.com/~camera/docs/report/nprpattern.html
Quoted in Terence Prittie, “Middle East Refugees,” in Michael Curtis, et al., The Palestinians: People, History, Politics, Transaction, 1975 p. 71.
AP interview with King Hussein of Jordan, January 1960. Quoted in Alan Dershowitz, The Case for Israel, John Wiley & Sons, 2003 pp. 87-88.
Quoted in Paul Garwood and Maggie Michael “Palestinian refugees: championed by Arab world yet treated like outcasts,” Associated Press, December 30, 2003.
Online at http://www.freerepublic.com/focus/f-news/1051472/postsIn an interview on a German television service, reproduced in the Swiss newspaper Zibicher Woche, September 1, 1961. Quoted in the Statement to the Special Political Committee of the United Nations General Assembly by Foreign Minister Meir, December 15, 1961. Online at http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/Foreign+Relations/Israels+Foreign+Relations+since+1947/1947-1974/14+Statement+to+the+Special+Political+Committee+of.htm
Quoted in the Jordanian newspaper Al-Dustur, August 16, 1999; Cited by MEMRI, Special Report no. 5, “Palestinian Thoughts on the Right of Return,” March 30, 2001. Online at http://memri.org/bin/articles.cgi?Page=archives&Area=sr&ID=SR00501
Self-description of UNRWA, at http://www.un.org/unrwa/overview/index.html
UN/UNRWA statistics, “Total registered refugees per county and area – As at 31 March 2005.” Online at http://www.un.org/unrwa/publications/pdf/rr_countryandarea.pdf
Page 17: The Aftermath of the 1967 War
Article 24 of original Palestinian National Charter, 1964. Online at http://www.palestine-un.org/plo/pna_two.html
The amended Palestinian National Charter passed by the 4th Palestinian National Council in 1968. Online at http://www.palestine-un.org/plo/pna_three.html
Khartoum Resolutions, September 1967. Online at http://www.mideastweb.org/khartoum.htm
Letters between Egyptian President Anwar Sadat, Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin, and US President Jimmy Carter, attached to the Treaty of Peace between the State of Israel and the Arab Republic of Egypt, March 26, 1979. Online at http://www.mfa.gov.il/mfa/peace%20process/guide%20to%20the%20peace%20process/israel-egypt%20peace%20treaty%20-%20letters
Howard Sachar, History of Israel, 2000, p. 678, 707.
Efraim Karsh, “What Occupation?” Commentary, July 2002. Online at. http://www.commentarymagazine.com/Archive/DigitalArchive.aspx?SearchId=db67103843c2483b8871fe988c8a4f30. Read it without logging in at http://palestinefacts.org/what_occupation.html.
“Demography of Palestine & Israel, the West Bank and Gaza,” Jewish Virtual Library, online at http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/History/demograhics.html;
Bennett Zimmerman et al, “The Million Person Gap: The Arab Population in the West Bank and Gaza,” Begin-Sadat Center, February 2006, p. 12. Online at http://www.biu.ac.il/Besa/MSPS65.pdf.Efraim Karsh, “What Occupation?” Commentary, July 2002. Online at. http://www.commentarymagazine.com/Archive/DigitalArchive.aspx?SearchId=db67103843c2483b8871fe988c8a4f30. Read it without logging in at http://palestinefacts.org/what_occupation.html.
Efraim Karsh, “What Occupation?” Commentary, July 2002. Online at. http://www.commentarymagazine.com/Archive/DigitalArchive.aspx?SearchId=db67103843c2483b8871fe988c8a4f30. Read it without logging in at http://palestinefacts.org/what_occupation.html.
Howard Sachar, History of Israel, 2000, p. 688.
Howard Sachar, History of Israel, 2000, p. 687.
Efraim Karsh, “What Occupation?” Commentary, July 2002. Online at. http://www.commentarymagazine.com/Archive/DigitalArchive.aspx?SearchId=db67103843c2483b8871fe988c8a4f30. Read it without logging in at http://palestinefacts.org/what_occupation.html.
Howard Sachar, History of Israel, 2000, p. 687.
Efraim Karsh, “What Occupation?” Commentary, July 2002. Online at. http://www.commentarymagazine.com/Archive/DigitalArchive.aspx?SearchId=db67103843c2483b8871fe988c8a4f30. Read it without logging in at http://palestinefacts.org/what_occupation.html.
Freedom House, “Freedom in the World: Palestinian Authority-Administered Territories [Israel] (2002)” Online at http://www.freedomhouse.org/inc/content/pubs/fiw/inc_country_detail.cfm?country=2559&pf
The Palestine Mandate, 1922, online at http://yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/mideast/palmanda.htm
Anita Shapira, “The Past Is Not a Foreign Country: The Failure of Israel’s ‘New Historians’ To Explain War and Peace,” The New Republic, November 29, 1999. Online at http://ontology.buffalo.edu/smith/courses01/rrtw/Shapira.htm
Jeffrey Helmreich, “Diplomatic and Legal Aspects of the Settlement Issue,” Jerusalem Issue Brief, January 19, 2003. Online at www.jcpa.org/brief/brief2-16.htm
Eugene W. Rostow, “Bricks and Stones: Settling for Leverage; Palestinian Autonomy,” The New Republic, April 23, 1990. Online at www.tzemachdovid.org/facts/islegal2.shtml
Page 19: The Evolution of U.S.-Israel Relations
All President quotes in “U.S. Presidents on Israel,” Jewish Virtual Library, online at http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/US-Israel/presquote.html
Mitchell Bard, “U.S. Aid to Israel,” Jewish Virtual Library. Online at http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/US-Israel/foreign_aid.html
Mitchell Bard, “The United Nations and Israel,” Jewish Virtual Library. Online at http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/UN/israel_un.html
Mohammed Daraghmeh, “Palestinian Aid Groups Refuse U.S. Money,” The Associated Press, January 5, 2004. Online at http://nucnews.net/nucnews/2004nn/0401nn/040105nn.htm#720 and http://palestinechronicle.com/story.php?sid=20040107135522110:“Operation ‘Rooster’” on Jewish Virtual Library, at http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/History/Rooster.html and http://www.geocities.com/CapeCanaveral/Hangar/2848/operate3.htm
Tamar Sternthal, “WSJ Columnist Overstates U.S. Aid to Israel by Almost $1 Trillion,” CAMERA, December 12, 2003. Online at http://www.camera.org/index.asp?x_article=596&x_context=2.
Mitchell Bard, “U.S. Aid to Israel,” Jewish Virtual Library. Online at http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/US-Israel/foreign_aid.html
Mitchell Bard, “U.S.-Israel Relations: A Special Alliance,” Jewish Virtual Library, Online at http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/US-Israel/special.html
“Counterterrorism Cooperation Accord Between the Government of the State of Israel and the Government of the United States of America,” April 30, 1996. Online at http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/US-Israel/Terror_coop_MOU.html
and “Counterterrorism Group Formed,” October 1999. Online at http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Terrorism/countergrp.html
Page 20: Israel’s Search for Peace with its Neighbors
Letter from Emir Feisal to Felix Frankfurter, sent by Delegation Hedjazienne, Paris, March 3, 1919. Reprinted in The Israel-Arab Reader, 1969, p. 21
Quoted by Israel’s UN Ambassador Yosef Tekoah in a speech before the UN General Assembly, November 22, 1974. Online at http://domino.un.org/unispal.nsf/361eea1cc08301c485256cf600606959/7219f7fe733b856485256236005a4700!OpenDocument
Emir Feisal (also known as Faisal bin Husayn) (1883-1933) was the Arab representative at the Paris Peace Conference, and later the king of Iraq. American Felix Frankfurter (1882-1965) was a Zionist delegate at the Paris Peace Conference and was later nominated as a U.S. Supreme Court Justice by President Franklin Roosevelt.Quoted in Howard M. Sachar, A History of Israel, 2000, p. 453.
Khartoum Resolutions, September 1967, online at http://www.mideastweb.org/khartoum.htm
Page 23: The Oslo Accords, The Road Map, The Gaza Disengagement: 1993-2006
“Declaration of Principles on Interim Self-Government Arrangement,” September 13, 1993. Online at http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Peace/dop.html
Yasser Arafat, in the speech “The Impending Total Collapse of Israel”, the Grand Hotel, Stockholm, Sweden January 30, 1996.
Quoted in “Arafat in Stockholm,” Arutz-7, February 27, 1996, online at http://www.professors.org.il/docs/stock.htm.
Also quoted, with background on the speech and its coverage in the press, in Yedidya Atlas, “Arafat’s Secret Agenda Is to Wear Israelis Out,” Insight, April 1, 1996. Online at http://www.iris.org.il/quotes/stockhlm.htm
A larger quote reads: “We Palestinians will take over everything, including all of Jerusalem…. Peres and Beilin have already promised us half of Jerusalem. The Golan Heights have already been given away, subject to just a few details….All the rich Jews who will get compensation will travel to America….We of the PLO will now concentrate all our efforts on splitting Israel psychologically into two camps. Within five years we will have six to seven million Arabs living in the West Bank and in Jerusalem. All Palestinian Arabs will be welcomed by us. If the Jews can import all kinds of Ethiopians, Russians, Uzbeks and Ukranians as Jews, we can import all kinds of Arabs to us…You understand that we plan to eliminate the State of Israel and establish a purely Palestinian State. We will make life unbearable for Jews by psychological warfare and population explosion. Jews will not want to live among Arabs. I have no use for Jews; they are and remain Jews. We now need all the help we can get from you in our battle for a united Palestine under total Arab-Muslim domination!”Interview with Dennis Ross on Fox News Sunday, April 21, 2002. Transcript online at http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,50830,00.html
Lamia Lahoud, “PA minister: Intifada planned since July,” Jerusalem Post, March 4, 2001. Buy the article at http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/jpost/access/69228568.html?dids=69228568:69228568&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&date=Mar+4%2C+2001&author=LAMIA+LAHOUD%2C+News+agencies+contributed+to+this+report&pub=Jerusalem+Post&edition=&startpage=02&desc=PA+minister%3A+Intifada+planned+since+July
Statistics compiled from “Fatalities in Palestinian Terror Attacks (1967-2005),” Jewish Virtual Library, online at http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Peace/osloterr.html
Page 27: Intifada
Background information on terrorist groups can be found at:
“Intelligence and Terrorism Information Center” at http://www.terrorism-info.org.il/engsite/home/default.asp
U.S. State Department, “Country Reports on Terrorism,” Chapter 6, 2004 at http://www.state.gov/documents/organization/45323.pdf
Israel’s yearly Terrorism reports. A listing of those reports is available at http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/Terrorism-+Obstacle+to+Peace/Palestinian+terror+since+2000/Palestinian+violence+and+terrorism+since+September.htm
Institute for Counter-Terrorism at www.ict.org.il
Lamia Lahoud, “PA minister: Intifada planned since July,” Jerusalem Post, March 4, 2001. Buy the article at http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/jpost/access/69228568.html?dids=69228568:69228568&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&date=Mar+4%2C+2001&author=LAMIA+LAHOUD%2C+News+agencies+contributed+to+this+report&pub=Jerusalem+Post&edition=&startpage=02&desc=PA+minister%3A+Intifada+planned+since+July
Intelligence and Terrorism Information Center at the Center for Special Studies, “Palestinian Terrorism in 2005,” December 31, 2005. Online at http://www.terrorism-info.org.il/malam_multimedia/English/eng_n/pdf/palestinian_terror_e.pdf
Jonathan D. Halevi, “Abbas Approves PA Assistance to Families of Suicide Bombers,” News First Class, December 5, 2005. The article can be found online in Hebrew at http://www.nfc.co.il/archive/001-D-87514-00.html?tag=13-31-45, and a summary of it in English at http://www.dailyalert.org/archive/2005-12/2005-12-05.html
Terrorist Group Profile for Hizballah, Country Reports on Terrorism, 2004. United States Department of State, April 2005. Online at http://library.nps.navy.mil/home/tgp/hizbalah.htm;
Intelligence and Terrorism Information Center at the Center for Special Studies, “Special Information Bulletin,” April 4, 2005, at http://www.terrorism-info.org.il/malam_multimedia//english/counterterrorism-data/pdf/apr13_05.pdf“Hamas” at Jewish Virtual Library, at http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Terrorism/hamas.html
Intelligence and Terrorism Information Center at the Center for Special Studies, “Suicide Bombing terrorism during the current Israeli-Palestinian confrontation (September 2000-December 2005),” January 1, 2006, at http://www.terrorism-info.org.il/malam_multimedia/English/eng_n/pdf/suicide_terrorism_ae.pdf
“2005 Terrorism Review,” Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs, January 2, 2006, at http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/Terrorism-+Obstacle+to+Peace/Terrorism+and+Islamic+Fundamentalism-/2005+Terrorism+Review.htmItamar Marcus and Barbara Crook, “Hamas Video: We will drink the blood of the Jews,” Palestinian Media Watch Bulletin, February 14, 2006, at http://www.pmw.org.il/Latest%20bulletins%20new.htm#b140206
Cited in Orly Halpern, “Hamas working on ‘new charter’”, Jerusalem Post, February 16, 2006. Online at http://www.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?cid=1139395429041&pagename=JPost%2FJPArticle%2FPrinterQuoted in the Lebanese Al-Safir, March 21 2001. Cited online at http://www.middleeastfacts.com/quotes-from-palestinian-leaders-and-media.php
“PLO” at Jewish Virtual Library, at http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Terrorism/plo.html
CAMERA, “Yasir Arafat’s Timeline of Terror,” CAMERA, November 13 2004. Online at http://www.camera.org/index.asp?x_context=7&x_issue=11&x_article=795
Barry Rubin and Judith Colp Rubin, Yasir Arafat: A Political Biography, 2003.“Fatah’s Political Program” at Jewish Virtual Library, at http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Terrorism/fatah_program.html
“Fatah Tanzim,” Institute for Counter-Terrorism at http://www.ict.org.il/organizations/orgdet.cfm?orgid=82
Intelligence and Terrorism Information Center at the Center for Special Studies, “Suicide Bombing terrorism during the current Israeli-Palestinian confrontation (September 2000-December 2005),” January 1, 2006, at http://www.terrorism-info.org.il/malam_multimedia/English/eng_n/pdf/suicide_terrorism_ae.pdf
“2005 Terrorism Review,” Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs, January 2, 2006, at http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/Terrorism-+Obstacle+to+Peace/Terrorism+and+Islamic+Fundamentalism-/2005+Terrorism+Review.htm“Palestinian Islamic Jihad” at Jewish Virtual Library, at http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Terrorism/PIJ.html
Intelligence and Terrorism Information Center at the Center for Special Studies, “Special Information Bulletin,” February 28, 2005, at http://www.terrorism-info.org.il/malam_multimedia//english/authority-jihad/pdf/mar3_05.pdf
Intelligence and Terrorism Information Center at the Center for Special Studies, “Suicide Bombing terrorism during the current Israeli-Palestinian confrontation (September 2000-December 2005),” January 1, 2006, at http://www.terrorism-info.org.il/malam_multimedia/English/eng_n/pdf/suicide_terrorism_ae.pdf
“2005 Terrorism Review,” Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs, January 2, 2006, at http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/Terrorism-+Obstacle+to+Peace/Terrorism+and+Islamic+Fundamentalism-/2005+Terrorism+Review.htm“Hizballah” at Institute for Counter-Terrorism at http://www.ict.org.il/organizations/orgdet.cfm?orgid=15
Intelligence and Terrorism Information Center, “Background Information about Hezbollah…” July 13, 2006, at http://www.terrorism-info.org.il/malam_multimedia/English/eng_n/html/hezbollah_e0706.htm
“Background Information on Foreign Terrorist Organizations,” U.S. Department of State, at http://www.state.gov/s/ct/rls/rpt/fto/2801.htm
Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs, “Terrorism from Lebanon-Hezbollah,” January 29, 2004. Online at http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/Terrorism-+Obstacle+to+Peace/Terrorism+from+Lebanon-+Hizbullah/Terrorism%20from%20Lebanon-%20HizbullahMahmoud Muhammad Khadhr, “In Defense of Hitler,” Al-Akhbar, May 27, 2001. Quoted in and translated by MEMRI, Special Dispatch Series No. 231, “The Egyptian Government Paper Al-Akhbar Once Again Defends Hitler,” June 20, 2001. Online at http://www.memri.org/bin/articles.cgi?Area=sd&ID=SP23101
“Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine,” Jewish Virtual Library at http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Terrorism/pflp.html
“PFLP,” Institute for Counter-Terrorism at http://www.ict.org.il/organizations/orgdet.cfm?orgid=31
Intelligence and Terrorism Information Center at the Center for Special Studies, “Suicide Bombing terrorism during the current Israeli-Palestinian confrontation (September 2000-December 2005),” January 1, 2006, at http://www.terrorism-info.org.il/malam_multimedia/English/eng_n/pdf/suicide_terrorism_ae.pdf
“2005 Terrorism Review,” Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs, January 2, 2006, at http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/Terrorism-+Obstacle+to+Peace/Terrorism+and+Islamic+Fundamentalism-/2005+Terrorism+Review.htm
Page 31: The Hezbollah War: July 12, 2006-August 14, 2006
UN press release SC 68/78, “Security Council endorses Secretary General’s conclusion on Israeli withdrawal from Lebanon as of 16 June,” June 18, 2000. Online at http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2000/20000618.sc6878.doc.html
Quoted in Megan K. Stack and Rania Abouzeid, “The Nation of Hezbollah,” Los Angeles Times, July 13, 2006. Buy the article online at http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/latimes/access/1076044041.html?dids=1076044041:1076044041&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Jul+13%2C+2006&author=Megan+K.+Stack+and+Rania+Abouzeid&pub=Los+Angeles+Times&edition=&startpage=A.1&desc=The+Nation+of+Hezbollah
Read a version of it for free at http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/nationworld/2003123599_lebanon13.htmlQuoted in “Official Source Makes Statement,” Saudi Press Agency, July 14, 2006. Online at http://www.spa.gov.sa/English/details.php?id=375383
Interview in Lebanon’s Al-Nahar, August 22, 2006. Translated by MEMRI, Special Dispatch Series No. 1266, “Intra-Shi’ite Criticism,” August 25, 2006, Online at http://memri.org/bin/articles.cgi?Page=archives&Area=sd&ID=SP126606
“Hizbollah Terrorist Incidents since May 2000,” Jewish Virtual Library. Online at http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Terrorism/hizattacks1.html
Interview on Egyptian television, June 2, 2000.
Quoted in Deborah Passner, “Hassan Nasrallah: In His Own Words,” CAMERA, July 26, 2006. Online at http://www.camera.org/index.asp?x_context=7&x_issue=11&x_article=1158
Cited in Eyal Zisser, “The Return of Hizbullah,” Middle East Quarterly, Fall 2002. Online at http://www.meforum.org/article/499#_ftn26Quoted in Badih Chayban “Nasrallah alleges ‘Christian Zionist’ plot,” Daily Star, October 23, 2002. Buy the article at http://www.dailystar.com.lb/article.asp?edition_ID=1&article_ID=38204&categ_id=2. Read it for free at http://www.freerepublic.com/focus/f-news/774649/posts
Quoted in “Ahmadinejad: Wipe Israel off map,” Aljazeera, October 26, 2005. Online at http://english.aljazeera.net/NR/exeres/15E6BF77-6F91-46EE-A4B5-A3CE0E9957EA.htm
Frida Ghitis, “Iran’s threat of doomsday feels more palpable,” Miami Herald, September, 29 2006. Online at http://www.miami.com/mld/miamiherald/news/opinion/15632598.htm
Quoted in Michael Slackman, “Voices of Peace Muffled by Rising Mideast Strife,” New York Times, July 14 2006. Online at http://travel2.nytimes.com/2006/07/14/world/middleeast/14assess.html
Quoted in Intelligence and Terrorism Information Center at the Center for Special Studies, “Hassan Nasrallah, Hezbollah general secretary, publicly admits his organization provides funds for Palestinian terrorist organizations,” May 9, 2006, at http://www.terrorism-info.org.il/malam_multimedia/English/eng_n/pdf/hezbollah_090506e.pdf
Quoted in Intelligence and Terrorism Information Center at the Center for Special Studies, “Hassan Nasrallah, Hezbollah general secretary, publicly admits his organization provides funds for Palestinian terrorist organizations,” May 9, 2006, at http://www.terrorism-info.org.il/malam_multimedia/English/eng_n/pdf/hezbollah_090506e.pdf
Steven Erlanger and Richard A Oppel Jr, “A Disciplined Hezbollah Surprises Israel With Its Training, Tactics and Weapons,” New York Times, August 7, 2006. Online at http://travel2.nytimes.com/2006/08/07/world/middleeast/07hezbollah.html
Steven Erlanger and Richard A Oppel Jr, “A Disciplined Hezbollah Surprises Israel With Its Training, Tactics and Weapons,” New York Times, August 7 2006. Online at http://travel2.nytimes.com/2006/08/07/world/middleeast/07hezbollah.html
Ali Nouri Zadeh, “Iran Provider of Hezbollah’s Weaponry- Source,” in the pan-Arab daily Asharq Al-Awsat, July 16, 2006. Online at http://www.asharqalawsat.com/english/news.asp?section=1&id=5651
Cited in “Behind the Headlines: Israel’s counter terrorist campaign,” Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs, August 15, 2006. Online at http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/About+the+Ministry/Behind+the+Headlines/Israels+counter+terrorist+campaign+-+FAQ+18-Jul-2006.htmYossi Klein Halevi, “Israel’s Broken Heart,” The New Republic, August, 15 2006. Online at http://www.tnr.com/doc.mhtml?i=w060814&s=halevi081506
Michael Béhé, “The Abdication of Lebanese Leaders,” The New Republic, August 7, 2006. Online at http://www.tnr.com/doc.mhtml?i=w060807&s=behe080706
Data from Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs, “Hizbullah Attacks Northern Israel and Israel’s Response.” Online at http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/Terrorism-+Obstacle+to+Peace/Terrorism+from+Lebanon-+Hizbullah/Hizbullah+attack+in+northern+Israel+and+Israels+response+12-Jul-2006.htm
Sever Plotzker, “Who Will Pay the Price of War?” Yediot Ahronot, July 21, 2006. Online at http://www.theisraelproject.org/site/c.hsJPK0PIJpH/b.2007947/k.53C3/HezbollahIsraeli_Conflict_Press_Kit.htm#1
“Israel’s War with Hezbollah: Facts and Figures,” Embassy of Israel Backgrounder, August 15, 2006.Human Rights Watch, “Lebanon/Israel: Hezbollah Hit Israel with Cluster Munitions during Conflict,” Human Rights News, October 19, 2006. Online at http://www.hrw.org/english/docs/2006/10/18/lebano14412.htm
Map in Rich Lowry, “The Corner: Beirut Largely Unscathed as Israel Targets Hizbollah Strongholds,” National Review, July 28, 2006. Online at http://corner.nationalreview.com/post/?q=MzcxYWVhOGMyZWI4MWUxZDhhNTkzMWU3MWNmZjk2NmI
Quoted in Chris Link, “Photos that damn Hezbollah,” Herald Sun, July 30, 2006. Online at http://www.news.com.au/heraldsun/story/0,,19955774-5007220,00.html
Also quoted in “UN humanitarian chief blasts Hizbullah,” AP, July 25 2006. Online at http://www.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?pagename=JPost%2FJPArticle%2FShowFull&cid=1153291989232Dr. Mounir Herzallah, letter to the editor, in the Berlin daily Der Tagesspiegel, July 30, 2006. Online at http://www.tagesspiegel.de/politik/archiv/30.07.2006/2660279.asp.
Translated from the German by David Ouellette at http://judeoscope.ca/article.php3?id_article=0429Dr. Mounir Herzallah, letter to the editor, in the Berlin daily Der Tagesspiegel, July 30, 2006. Online at http://www.tagesspiegel.de/politik/archiv/30.07.2006/2660279.asp.
Translated from the German by David Ouellette at http://judeoscope.ca/article.php3?id_article=0429Sonia Verma, “Hezbollah’s deadly hold on heartland,” Canadian National Post, August 05, 2006. Online at http://www.canada.com/nationalpost/news/story.html?id=ae679beb-d2be-40a4-8e74-8e581c1bf1ca&k=16670&p=1
Jon Lee Anderson, “Letter from Beirut: The Battle for Lebanon,” The New Yorker, August 7, 2006. Online at http://www.newyorker.com/fact/content/articles/060807fa_fact
Benny Avni, “Annan’s Claims on Casualties May Unravel,” New York Sun, July 27, 2006. Online at www.nysun.com/article/36860
Quoted in Thanassis Cambanis, “Hezbollah’s rise fuels rifts inside Lebanon,” Boston Globe, August 28, 2006. Online at www.boston.com/news/world/middleeast/articles/2006/08/28/hezbollahs_rise_fuels_rifts_inside_lebanon/
Michael Young, “The Lebanese really blame Hezbollah,” The Spectator, July 22, 2006. Online at http://www.spectator.co.uk/printer-friendly/23873/the-lebanese-really-blame-hezbollah.thtml
Geneva Convention Relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War, August 12, 1949. Hosted by UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, at http://www.unhchr.ch/html/menu3/b/92.htm
Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions, June 8, 1977. Hosted by UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, at http://193.194.138.190/html/menu3/b/93.htm
Data from Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs, “Hizbullah Attacks Northern Israel and Israel’s Response.” Online at http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/Terrorism-+Obstacle+to+Peace/Terrorism+from+Lebanon-+Hizbullah/Hizbullah+attack+in+northern+Israel+and+Israels+response+12-Jul-2006.htm
Sever Plotzker, “Who Will Pay the Price of War?” Yediot Ahronot, July 21, 2006. Online at http://www.theisraelproject.org/site/c.hsJPK0PIJpH/b.2007947/k.53C3/HezbollahIsraeli_Conflict_Press_Kit.htm#1
“Israel’s War with Hezbollah: Facts and Figures,” Embassy of Israel Backgrounder, August 15, 2006.Shlomo Avneri, “Lebanon’s problem is not just Shaba Farms,” Jerusalem Post, July 30, 2006. Online at http://www.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?cid=1153292036524&pagename=JPost%2FJPArticle%2FShowFull
UN Security Council, Report of the Secretary-General on the implementation of Security Council resolutions 425 (1978) and 426 (1978), May 22, 2000. Online at http://domino.un.org/UNISPAL.nsf/b86613e7d92097880525672e007227a7/97bad2289146f58a852568e9006d99bd!OpenDocument
For more information, see the briefing by Minister of Foreign Affairs Tzipi Livni following Israel’s acceptance of UN Security Council Resolution 1701, August 13, 2006, online at: www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/Government/Speeches+by+Israeli+leaders/2006/Briefing+by+FM+Livni+following+Israel+acceptance+of+UNSC+Resolution+1701+13-Aug-2006.htmTamar Sternthal, “Question to Time Magazine: Who Are Hezbollah’s Intended Targets?” CAMERA, August 14, 2006. Online at http://www.camera.org/index.asp?x_context=2&x_outlet=37&x_article=1186
Ricki Hollander, “Updated: A Reprise: Media Photo Manipulation,” CAMERA, August 9, 2006. Online at http://www.camera.org/index.asp?x_context=2&x_outlet=2&x_article=1175
Page 35: Self-Defense Measures
B’Tselem, “Statistics on checkpoints and roadblocks,” September 25, 2006. Online at www.btselem.org/english/Freedom_of_Movement/Checkpoints.asp
Efraim Karsh, “European Misreading of the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict,” Jerusalem Issue Brief, July 12, 2005. Online at http://www.jcpa.org/brief/brief004-27.htm
Don Morris, “Understanding Israeli Checkpoints,” January 23, 2005. Online at http://www.spme.net/cgi-bin/articles.cgi?ID=191
B’Tselem, “Statistics on checkpoints and roadblocks,” September 25, 2006. Online at www.btselem.org/english/Freedom_of_Movement/Checkpoints.asp
David Makovsky and Anna Hartman, “Israel’s Newly Approved Security Fence Route: Geography and Demography,” The Washington Institute, March 3, 2005. Online at http://www.washingtoninstitute.org/templateC05.php?CID=2268
Summary of High Court of Justice Ruling on the Fence Surrounding Alfei Menashe, Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs, September 15, 2005. Online at http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/Government/Law/Legal+Issues+and+Rulings/High+Court+rules+on+security+fence+around+Alfei+Menashe+15-Sep-2005.htm
“Martin Sieff, “Documenting the Myth—Jenin—Part I,” UPI, May 20, 2002. Online at http://www.freerepublic.com/focus/news/687909/posts
“Why Europeans Bought the Myth—Jenin—Part II,” UPI, May 21, 2002. Online at http://www.freerepublic.com/focus/news/687910/posts
“How Europe’s Media Lost Out—Jenin—Part III,” UPI May 22, 2002. Online at http://www.freerepublic.com/focus/f-news/687911/postsHenry Chu, “Hamas Leaders Keep Low Profile,” Los Angeles Times, October 9, 2003. Buy the article at http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/latimes/access/420974381.html?dids=420974381:420974381&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Oct+9%2C+2003&author=Henry+Chu&pub=Los+Angeles+Times&edition=&startpage=A.8&desc=The+World
Brett Stephens, “The Fear Factor,” Wall Street Journal, March 23, 2004. Online at http://www.opinionjournal.com/editorial/feature.html?id=110004855Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs, “Weapon Smuggling Tunnels in Rafah—Operation Rainbow,” May 14, 2004. Online at http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/Terrorism-+Obstacle+to+Peace/Terror+Groups/Weapon+Smuggling+Tunnels+in+Rafah+May+2004.htm. Israel Defense Forces (IDF), “Decision of Defense Minister and Chief of Staff to Change Policy of Demolition of Terrorists’ Houses,” IDF Website News, February 17, 2005. Online at http://www1.idf.il/DOVER/site/mainpage.asp?clr=1&sl=EN&id=7&docid=37885
Senator Joseph Biden (D-Delaware), “Floor Statement: The Jenin Investigation,” May 1, 2002. Online at http://biden.senate.gov/newsroom/details.cfm?id=182558&&
Michael Walzer, “The Four Wars of Israel/Palestine,” Dissent, Fall 2002. Online at http://www.dissentmagazine.org/article/?article=557
Quoted in “Palestinian fighter describes ‘hard fight’ in Jenin,” CNN, April 23, 2002. Online at http://archives.cnn.com/2002/WORLD/meast/04/22/jenin.fighter/index.html
A transcript of the interview can be found at http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0204/23/lt.13.htmlBoaz Ganor, “Israel Counter-Terrorist Activity,” Institute for Counter-Terrorism. Online at http://www.ict.org.il/counter_ter/Is_ct.htm
Israeli Ministry of Police, “Effective National and International Action against Terrorism: The Israeli Experience: The Prevention of Crime and the Treatment of Offenders in Israel,” 1995 Report, April 19 1995. Online at http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/Archive/Communiques/1995/effective+national+and+international+action+agains.htm
Also cited in Dave Kopel, “Follow the Leader: Israel and Thailand Set an Example by Arming Teachers,” National Review, September 2, 2004. Online at http://www.nationalreview.com/kopel/kopel200409022215.asp
Eli E. Hertz, “Who is Humiliating Whom?” Middle East Facts, July 13, 2004. Online at http://www.mefacts.com/content/Who%20is%20Humiliating%20Whom-web-07-13-04.htmTerrorism data from 2002 to 2005 compiled from Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs, “2003 Terrorism Review,” at http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/MFAArchive/2000_2009/2004/1/2003+Terrorism+Review.htm
“Four Years of Conflict: Israel’s war against terrorism,” October 3, 2004. Online at http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/Terrorism-+Obstacle+to+Peace/Terrorism+and+Islamic+Fundamentalism-/Four+Years+of+Conflict+3-Oct-2004.htm
“Summary of Terrorist Activity 2004.” Online at http://www.mfa.gov.il/NR/rdonlyres/927D5873-E41C-4C99-BBF0-5A53DF237FCF/0/terrorsummary2004.pdf
IDF statistics, at http://www1.idf.il/SIP_STORAGE/DOVER/files/6/31646.docUzi Mahnaimi, “Israel foils plot to kill Palestinian president,” The Sunday Times, May 07, 2006. Online at http://www.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,2089-2168494,00.html
Page 37: Small Country Big Ideas
Information compiled from:
Steve Bunstein, “Fascinating Facts about Israel,” Auerbach Central Agency for Jewish Education, 2006. Online at www.acaje.org/assets/pdf/Israel/IsrFact.doc
Invest in Israel website, at http://www.investinisrael.gov.il/NR/exeres/6D7AC27B-BE48-4C16-A6CB-1BA2F58480BB.htm
Israel21c website, at http://www.israel21c.org/Lord Alfred Balfour, “Defense of the Palestine Mandate,” 1922. Reprinted in Brian McArthur, Penguin Book of Twentieth Century Speeches, Penguin, 1992, pp. 88-90. Online at http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/1922balfour.html
“Israel Foreign Relations: Israel among the Nations,” Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Online at http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/Foreign+Relations/Israel+Among+the+Nations/Israel%20Among%20the%20Nations
“Rescue Operation in Turkey,” IDF. Online at http://www1.idf.il/DOVER/site/mainpage.asp?sl=EN&id=5&from=history&docid=23045&Pos=29&bScope=false
“IDF Involvement in Major Humanitarian Operations” IDF. Online at http://www1.idf.il/DOVER/site/mainpage.asp?sl=EN&id=5&from=history&docid=23046&Pos=26&bScope=false
IsraAID: The Israel Forum for International Humanitarian Aid, “Magen David Adom During the Years,” at IsraAID website. On line at http://www.israaid.org.il/story_page.asp?id=808
For more on Israel’s humanitarian programs, see IsraAID at http://www.israaid.org.il/
Page 40: Israel’s Government: Democracy in Action
“The State: The Political Structure,” Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Online at http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/Government/Facts+about+Israel-+The+State/THE%20STATE-%20Political%20Structure
Mitchell Bard, “Myth: Israel is persecuting Christians,” Jewish Virtual Library. Online at http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/myths/mf24.html#a31
“130,000 Christians in Israel,” Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs, March 20, 2000. Online at http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/Government/Communiques/2000/130-000%20Christians%20in%20Israel%20-%2020-Mar-2000Loolwa Khazoom, “Jews of the Middle East,” MyJewishLearning.com, at http://www.myjewishlearning.com/history_community/Jewish_World_Today/JewishDiasporaTO/MizrachiJews.htm
“Minority Communities,” Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Online at http://www.mfa.gov.il/mfa/facts%20about%20israel/people/SOCIETY-%20Minority%20Communities
Heideman Lezell Nudelman & Kalik, P.C., “Background Briefing and Analysis of the International Court of Justice Advisory Opinion on Israel’s Terrorism Prevention Security Fence,” July 23, 2004. Online at http://heidemanlaw.com/Backgroundbriefing.pdf
Also see Summary of High Court of Justice Ruling on the Fence Surrounding Alfei Menashe, Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs, September 15, 2005. Online at http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/Government/Law/Legal+Issues+and+Rulings/High+Court+rules+on+security+fence+around+Alfei+Menashe+15-Sep-2005.htmGreg Myre, “Trial of Palestinian Leader Focuses Attention on Israeli Courts, New York Times, May 5, 2003. Buy the article at http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F70814FB38580C768CDDAC0894DB404482&n=Top%2fReference%2fTimes%20Topics%2fPeople%2fB%2fBarghouti%2c%20Marwan
Information from Knesset website, at www.knesset.gov.il
“Israel and Apartheid: The Big Lie,” Anti-Defamation League, August 29, 2005. Online at http://www.adl.org/Israel/apartheid/behind_the_line.asp
Translated by and quoted in MEMRI, Special Dispatch Series No. 34, “Palestinians Comment on Israeli Democracy,”June 4 1999.
“The Peace Process, Public Perception of PNA Performance, Corruption, Status of Palestinian Democracy and Elections for the PNA President and Political Affiliation,” Public Opinion Poll #38, CPRS Polls, January 7-9, 1999. Poll available at www.pcpsr.org/survey/cprspolls/99/poll38a.html
Quote taken from James Bennet, “Letter from the Middle East: Arab Showplace? Could It Be the West Bank?” New York Times, April 2, 2003. Bennet’s article can be found at http://www.nytimes.com/2003/04/02/international/middleeast/02LETT.html?ex=1161748800&en=c8f0bcf2ff8c5388&ei=5070
and reposted at http://www.israelforum.com/board/showthread.php?t=2747 where it can be read for free.
Page 42: Hot Topics: Things You Should Know
For more information on life in Israel and the Territories, see “Israel and the occupied territories: Country Reports on Human Rights Practices – 2005,” Released by the Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor, March 8, 2006. Online at http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2005/61690.htm
War Crime: Using Human Shields
For more information, as well as videos and photographs, see “Hizbullah’s exploitation of Lebanese population centers and civilians: Photographic evidence,” Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs, July 12, 2006, at www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/MFAArchive/2000_2009/2006/Operation+Change+of+Direction+Video+Clips.htm
Geneva Convention relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War, August 12, 1949. Online at http://www.unhchr.ch/html/menu3/b/92.htm
Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions, June 8, 1977. Online at http://193.194.138.190/html/menu3/b/93.htm
43: Topics: Things You Should Know
International Financial Support for the Palestinians
Ross Dunn, “End sleaze or lose aid, Arafat told,” Scotsman, February 29, 2004. Online at http://news.scotsman.com/international.cfm?id=238542004
Daily Telegraph, December 6, 1999, cited in
Rachel Ehrenfeld, “Intifada Gives Cover to Arafat Graft and Fraud,” Insight Magazine, June 22, 2001. Online at http://www.public-integrity.org/articles/publications7.htm
For more articles on corruption in the PLO, as well as Arafat’s corruption:
Alan Philps, “Shoot me if I betrayed Palestine, says Arafat,” Daily Telegraph, December 7, 1999, at http://www.telegraph.co.uk/htmlContent.jhtml?html=/archive/1999/12/07/wara07.html
Rachel Ehrenfeld in “The Extent of Arafat’s Corruption,” The Jerusalem Post, June 27, 2001.
Rachel Ehrenfeld, “And a Thief, Too: Yasser Arafat takes what he likes,” National Review, July 29, 2002, at http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1282/is_14_54/ai_88990523%20And%20a%20Thief,%20Too:%20Yasser%20Arafat
‘That money belongs to the Palestinians, not to him,’ Daily Telegraph, November 14, 2004, at http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2004/11/14/waraf114.xml&sSheet=/news/2004/11/14/ixnewstop.html
Israel’s Checkpoints and the Security Fence
David Makovsky and Anna Hartman, “Israel’s Newly Approved Security Fence Route: Geography and Demography,” The Washington Institute, March 3, 2005. Online at http://www.washingtoninstitute.org/templateC05.php?CID=2268
Summary of High Court of Justice Ruling on the Fence Surrounding Alfei Menashe, Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs, September 15, 2005. Online at http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/Government/Law/Legal+Issues+and+Rulings/High+Court+rules+on+security+fence+around+Alfei+Menashe+15-Sep-2005.htm
Anti-Semitism and Anti-Zionism
“Findings and Recommendations of the United States Commission on Civil Rights Regarding Campus Anti-Semitism,” U.S. Commission on Civil Rights, April 3, 2006. Online at http://www.usccr.gov/pubs/050306FRUSCCRRCAS.pdf