Footnotes 

• 1. Bassam Tibi. "The Islamist Venture of the Politicization of Islam to an Ideology of Islamism: A Critique of the Dominating Narrative in Western Islamic Studies." Soundings: An Interdisciplinary
  Journal 96, no. 4 (2013): 431-49. doi:10.5325/soundings.96.4.0431.
  2. Ibid.
  3. Bassam Tibi, “From Sayyid Qutb To Hamas: The Middle East Conflict and the Islamization of Antisemitism,” The Yale Initiative for the Interdisciplinary Study of Antisemitism, Working Paper #5, (Yale University Press 2012).
  4. Ibid.
  5. Bernard Lewis, Semites and Antisemites: An Inquiry into Conflict and Prejudice, (W. W. Norton & Co., 1999): 126.
  6. Matthias Küntzel, “Islamic Antisemitism: Its Genesis, Meaning, and Effects,” Antisemitism Studies, Vol. 2, No. 2 (Fall 2018): 235-253.
  7. Pas. Kairo, “Nach dem Panarabischen Kongreß von Bloudan,” Völkischer Beobachter (September 19, 1937) cited in Matthias Küntzel, “Islamic Antisemitism: Its Genesis,” (2018): 235-253.
  8. Memo from British Consul in Damascus Colonel Gilbert MacKereth, September 14, 1937, cited in Elie Kedourie, “The Bludan Congress on Palestine, September 1937,” Middle Eastern Studies 17:1
  (1981): 107-125.
  9. Jeffrey Herf, “Haj Amin al-Husseini, The Nazis, and The Holocaust: The Origins, Nature, and Aftereffects of Collaboration,” Jewish Political
  10. Studies Review 26: 3 and 4 (2016): 15.
  11. Yehoshafat Harkabi, Arab Attitudes to Israel, (Jerusalem: Keter Publishing House, 1972): 269.
  12. https://www.britannica.com/topic/Hadith
  13. Küntzel, op. cit. (2018): 246.
  14. Bassam Tibi, “From Sayyid Qutb To Hamas,” (2012), 19.
  15. The Covenant of the Islamic Resistance Movement (Hamas),
  https://avalon.law.yale.edu/20th_century/hamas.asp
  16. Alexander Gruber, “Erdogans Erlösungsantisemitismus: Kein Baum wird die Juden schützen,” MENA-WATCH (December 15, 2017), accessed May 3, 2018, https://www.mena-watch.com/mena-
  analysen -beitraege/erdogans-erloesungsantisemitismus-kein-baum-wird-die -juden-schuetzen/, cited in Küntzel, op. cit. (2018): 235.
  17. “Antisemitic Hadith: ‘The Prophecy Of The Rock And The Tree,’” The Middle East Media Research Institute, Special Dispatch No. 7587, July 25, 2018 https://www.memri.org/reports/antisemitic- hadith-prophecy-rock-and-tree-%E2%80%93-memri-clips-and-reports
  18. Translated from the German version of “Islam-Judentum. Aufruf des Großmufti an die Islamische Welt im Jahre 1937,” in Mohamed Sabry, Islam-Judentum-Bolschewismus (Berlin: Junker & Dünnhaupt, 1938), 22– 32, cited in Küntzel, op. cit. (2018): 239.
  19. Ibid.
  20. See Jeffrey Herf, Nazi Propaganda for the Arab World, (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2009),
  and Klaus-Michael Mallmann, Martin Cüppers, Nazi Palestine: The Plans for the Extermination of the Jews in Palestine, (New York: Enigma Books, 2010).
  21. Ibid.
  22. Mallmann and Cüppers, (2010): 91.
  23. Wolfgang G. Schwanitz, “Amin al-Husaini and the Holocaust. What Did the Grand Mufti Know?,” World Politics Review, May 8, 2008, https://www.worldpoliticsreview.com/articles/2082/amin-al-
  husaini-and-the-holocaust-what-did-the-grand-mufti-know
  24. Mallmann and Cüppers, (2010): 88-101.25. Abd al-Karim al-Umar, editor, Memoirs of the Grand Mufti, (Damascus, 1999), cited in Schwanitz, op. cit.
  26. Ibid.
  27. Deutsches Generalkonsulat, Panarabischer Kongress in Bludan, BNA GFM 33/611, Serial 1525, cited in Küntzel (2018): 244.
  28. George Lepre, Himmler's Bosnian Division: The Waffen-SS Handschar Division 1943-1945, (Atglen, Pennsylvania: Schiffer Publishing, Ltd., 1997)
  29. Mallmann and Cüppers, op. cit. (2010): 200-202. See also, Mitja Velikonja, Religious Separation and Political Intolerance in Bosnia-Herzegovina (College Station, Texas: Texas A&M University Press,
  2003).
  30. Herf, op. cit. (2009): 244.
  31. Zvi Elpeleg, The Grand Mufti: Haj Amin al-Hussaini, Founder of the Palestinian National Movement, (UK: Routledge 1993)
  32. Küntzel, op. cit., (2014): 47
  33. Al Arabiya English, “Analysis: The Nazi roots of Muslim Brotherhood,” June 27, 2018, https://english.alarabiya.net/en/features/2018/06/27/ANALYSIS-The-Nazi-roots-of-Muslim-Brotherhood.html
  34. Küntzel, op. cit., (2014): 26
  35. Al Arabiyah English, op. cit.
  36. Küntzel, op. cit. (2014): 26.
  37. Bassam Tibi, “Islamischer Fundamentalismus, moderne Wissenschaft und Technologie,” Frankfurt
  am Main, Germany, Suhrkamp (1992): 87.
  38. Are Knudsen, "Crescent and Sword: The Hamas Enigma." Third World Quarterly 26, no. 8 (2005): 1373-388.
  39. Aref Ali Nayed, "The Radical Qur'ānic Hermeneutics of Sayyid Quṭb," Islamic Studies 31, no. 3 (1992): 355-63.
  40. Matthias Küntzel, Jihad and Jew-Hatred: Islamism, Nazism and the Roots of 9/11, (New York: Telos Publishing, 2007): 7-8.
  41. Ziad Abu-Amr, "Hamas: A Historical and Political Background." Journal of Palestine Studies 22, no. 4
  (1993): 5-19. doi:10.2307/2538077.
  42. Ronald L. Nettler, Past Trials and Present Tribulations: A Muslim Fundamentalist’s View of the Jews (Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1987): 72-87 in Küntzel, Jihad and Jew-Hatred, op. cit., (2007): 83-84 op.
  cit. pp. 72-87.
  43. Ibid.
  44. Bernard Lewis, Islam: The Religion and the People,( FT Press, 2009): 53, 145–50.
  45. Daniel Byman, “Iran, Terrorism, and Weapons of Mass Destruction,” Studies in Conflict & Terrorism, 31:3, 169-181, DOI: 10.1080/10576100701878424
  46. Melissa G. Dalton, “Iranian Backed Militias: Destabilizing the Middle East,” Center for Strategic and
  International Studies, October 4, 2017.
  47. Matthew Levitt, “Iranian and Hezbollah Operations in South America: Then and Now,” Prism, Vol 5, No. 4, Center for Complex Operations, National Defense University.
  48. Michael Bachner, “Iran said increasing Hamas funding to $30m per month, wants intel on Israel,” Times of Israel, August 5, 2019, https://www.timesofisrael.com/iran-agrees-to-increase-hamas-
  funding-to-30-million-per-month-report/
  49. “Iranian expert to ‘Raya’: Iran provided Hamas with more than two billion dollars and 100-150 million Jihad annually,” Raya, February 8, 2014, https://translate.google.com/translate?hl=&sl=ar&tl=en&u=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.raya.ps%2Fnew
  s%2F850572.html

  50. The Muslim 500, https://www.themuslim500.com/profiles/yusuf-al-qaradawi/
  51. “Yusuf Al-Qaradawi on the historic 'punishment' for Jewish people,” Arab News YouTube channel, video of sermon delivered on January 30, 2009, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=my8x-7qZ0UI
  (emphasis added).
  52. “Yusuf Al-Qaradawi tells BBC Newsnight that Islam justifies suicide bombings,” BBC TWO's Newsnight, July 7, 2004,
  http://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2004/07_july/07/newsnight.shtml
  53. Dov Lieber, “The cleric who legitimized suicide attacks against Israel has reversed his ruling. Hamas isn’t listening,” Times of Israel, January 10, 2017, https://www.timesofisrael.com/the-cleric-who-
  legitimized-suicide-attacks-against-israel-has-reversed-his-ruling-hamas-isnt-listening/
  54. “Holocaust Denial,” Southern Poverty Law Center, https://www.splcenter.org/fighting hate/extremist-files/ideology/holocaust-denial
  55. Bozorgmehr Sharafedin, “Why Iran takes issue with the Holocaust,” BBC, October 9, 2013,
  https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-24442723
  56. “Leader’s Speech to Members of Assembly of Experts,” March 8, 2012,
  http://english.khamenei.ir/news/1601/Leader-s-Speech-to-Members-of-Assembly-of-Experts
  57. “What did Ayatollah Khamenei tell Roger Garaudy about Jews?,” June 13, 2016,
  http://english.khamenei.ir/news/3911/What-did-Ayatollah-Khamenei-tell-Roger-Garaudy-about-
  Jews
  58. Ibid.
  59. Ibid.
  60. Muhammad Maqdsi, "Charter of the Islamic Resistance Movement (Hamas) of Palestine." Journal of
  Palestine Studies 22, no. 4 (1993): 122-34. doi:10.2307/2538093.
  61. Al Aqsa-TV (Hamas/Gaza), April 8, 2011, translation by MEMRI, https://www.memri.org/tv/former-
  hamas-minister-culture-atallah-abu-al-subh-jews-are-most-despicable-and-contemptible
  62. Fathi Hammad, speech, July 12, 2018, translated by MEMRI, https://www.memri.org/tv/hamas-
  political-bureau-member-fathi-hammad-at-gaza-rallies-cleanse-palestine-of-filth-cancer-of-the-
  jews/transcript.
  63. Bassam Tibi, Islam Between Culture and Politics, (UK: Palgrave Macmillan, 2005).
  64. Bassam Tibi, "The Islamist Venture… " op. cit. (2013): 431-49.
  65. Bassam Tibi, “From Sayyid Qutb To Hamas,” (2012), 21.